Module 20:
Islam vs Judaism vs Christianity

Module 20 compares Islam, Judaism, and Christianity by showing that they share important roots but also differ in major theological ways. It explains that Islam has strong similarities with Judaism in areas such as strict monotheism, law-centered religious life, prophecy, and rejection of idolatry. It also shows that Islam shares important similarities with Christianity, including belief in one Creator God, revelation, judgment, moral accountability, and reverence for figures such as Abraham, Mary, and Jesus.

At the same time, the module emphasizes that Islam differs sharply from both religions on key points. Compared with Judaism, Islam presents itself as a universal religion centered on Muhammad and the Qur’an rather than the covenant with Israel and the Torah. Compared with Christianity, the deepest differences involve the Trinity, the divinity of Jesus, the crucifixion and resurrection, salvation, Scripture, and the role of Muhammad. Overall, the module argues that Islam is closely connected to Judaism and Christianity as a fellow Abrahamic faith, yet remains clearly distinct from both in doctrine and religious authority.